2022年浙江自考英语国家概况复习资料（四）

　　Summary： This is the second part of Chapter 2 （The Origins of a Nation）。 It introduced some important events and important people in England from 446 to 1066. These most important events are The Anglos-Saxons‘ invasion； The Viking and Danish Invasions and The Norman Conquest.

　　（简要：这是第二章“国家的起源”的第二部分。在这一部分里，主要是介绍了英国从公元446年到1066年所发生的重要事件及人物。这些重要事件分别是盎格鲁—撒克逊人的入侵，北欧海盗和丹麦人的入侵及诺曼征服）。

　　III. The Anglo-Saxons （446-871）

　　盎格鲁—撒克逊人（公元446—871年）

　　1. Basis of Modern English race： the Anglo-Saxons.

　　盎格鲁—萨克逊时代（奠定了英国的基础）

　　In the mid-5th century a new wave of invaders， Jutes， Saxons， and Angles came to Britain. They were three Teutonic tribes.

　　The Jutes， who fished and farmed in Jutland， came to Britain first. A Jutish chief became the King of Kent in 449. Then the Saxons， users of the short-sword from northern Germany， established their kingdom in Essex， Sussex and Wessex from the end of the 5th century to the beginning of the 6th century. In the second half of the 6th century. In the second half of the 6th century， the Angles， who also came from northern Germany and were to give their name to the English people， settled in East Anglia， Mercia and Northumbria. These seven principal kingdoms of Kent， Essex， Sussex， Wessex， East Anglia， Mercia and Northumbria have been given the name of Heptarchy.

　　五世纪中叶，朱特人、撒克逊人和盎格鲁人不断入侵不列颠。这是三支日耳曼（条顿）部落。

　　居住在朱特兰岛（现丹麦南部）上从事打渔农耕的朱特人先抵不列颠。后来从德国北部来的使用短剑的撒克逊人在埃撒克斯、苏塞克斯和威塞克斯建立了王国，统治期从五世纪末至六世纪初。六世纪后半叶，同样来自德国北部的盎格鲁人，在东盎格利亚、麦西亚以及诺森伯利来定居，同时也他们也把名字给了英国人。这七个主要王国（肯特、埃塞克斯、苏塞克斯、威塞克斯、东盎格利亚、麦西亚和诺森伯利亚），合称为七王国。

　　2.The early Anglo-Saxons converted to Christianity.

　　最早的盎格鲁—撒克逊人改信基督教。

　　The Anglo-Saxons brought their own Teutonic religion to Britain. Christianity soon disappeared， except among the Celts of Cornwall， Wales， Scotland and Ireland. In 597， Pope Gregory I sent St. Augustine， the Prior of