2022年浙江自考英语国家概况复习资料（十九）

　　III.The Cabinet and Ministry

　　内阁和内阁部长

　　1. The Prime Minister presides over the Cabinet， is responsible for the allocation of functions among ministers and informs the Queen at regular meetings of general business of the Government. Cabinet members hold meetings under the chairmanship of the Prime Minister for a few hours each week to decide Government policy on major issues.

　　首相主持内阁，负责分配大臣们的职能，在定期会见女王时向女王报告政府事务。内阁在 首相的主持下，每周开会几小时，以决定在重大问题上政府的。

　　2. Ministers are responsible collectively to Parliament for all Cabinet decisions； inspanidual Ministers are responsible to Parliament for the work of their department.

　　内阁的所有决定由大臣集体向议会负责，各大臣又为各自部门的工作向议会负责。

　　IV.The Privy Council.

　　枢密院.

　　1. The Privy Council was formerly the chief source of executive power in the state and give private advice to the King. So the Privy Council was also called the King‘s Council in history. Today its role is largely formal， advising the sovereign to approve certain government decrees.

　　枢密院原来是政府行政权力的源泉，给君主提供“私人”建议。它在历史上也称为国王议会。今天它的主要作用是礼节性的，如建议君主批准政府的法令。

　　2. Its membership is about 400， and includes all Cabinet ministers， the speaker of the House of Common and senior British and Commonwealth statement.

　　它的主要成员有400人左右，包括内阁阁员，下议院院长及英国，英联邦的高级政治家等。

　　V.Government Department and the Civil Service

　　政府各部和公务员部

　　1. The principal Government department main includes： the Treasury， the House of office， the Foreign and Commonwealth office， the Ministry of Defense…

　　主要的政府部门包括：财务部，内务部，外交部，国防部等。

　　2. Members of the Civil Service are called Civil Services. They staff government departments. Civil Servants are recruited mainly by competitive examination. Civil servants do not belong to any political party. Changes of Governme